In 1346, King John was killed fighting at the Battle of Crécy, and Machaut, who was famous and much in demand, entered the service of various other aristocrats and rulers, including King John's daughter Bonne (who died of the Black Death in 1349), her sons Jean de Berry and Charles (later Charles V, Duke of Normandy), and others such as Charles II of Navarre. By 1340, Machaut was living in Reims, having relinquished his other canonic posts at the request of Pope Benedict XII. He was named the canon of Verdun in 1330, Arras in 1332, and Reims in 1337. He often accompanied King John on his various trips, many of them military expeditions around Europe (including Prague). He was employed as secretary to John I, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia from 1323 to 1346, and also became a canon (1337). His surname most likely derives from the nearby town of Machault, 30 km northeast of Reims in the Ardennes region.
Guillaume de Machaut was born around 1300, one of seven children, and educated in the region around Reims. Other notable works include the rondeaux "Ma fin est mon commencement" and "Rose, liz, printemps, verdure" as well as the virelai " Douce Dame Jolie". Among his only surviving sacred works, Messe de Nostre Dame, is the earliest known complete setting of the Ordinary of the Mass attributable to a single composer. Machaut composed in a wide range of styles and forms and was crucial in developing the motet and secular song forms (particularly the lai and the formes fixes: rondeau, virelai and ballade). His poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer and Eustache Deschamps, well into the 15th century. Machaut embodies the culmination of the poet-composer tradition stretching back to the traditions of troubadour and trouvère. Machaut, one of the earliest European composers on whom considerable biographical information is available, has an unprecedented amount of surviving music, in part due to his own involvement in his manuscripts' creation and preservation. Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century, he is often seen as the century's leading European composer. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement. 1300 – April 1377) was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music.
Illustrated with images of their homes and studios, personal effects and other important artifacts, profiles offer revealing insights into what drove everyone to create the musical masterpieces-symphonies, concertos, and operatic scores-that changed the direction of classical music and are still celebrated and treasured today.Ĭharting the development of classical music and music movements across the centuries, Composers Who Changed History provides a compelling glimpse into the personal lives, loves, and influences of the giants of the classical music canon.Guillaume de Machaut ( French:, Old French: also Machau and Machault c. Introduced with a stunning portrait of each featured composer, entries explore the key influences, themes, and working methods of everyone, setting their works within a wider historical and cultural context. Lavishly illustrated with paintings or photographs of each composer, alongside original musical scores and personal correspondence, Composers Who Changed History reveals the fascinating stories of their lives, loves, and enduring musical compositions. A compelling celebration of the world's most important and influential composers from the medieval period to the present day, this book explores the fascinating stories of their lives and key works.
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